接口自动化测试框架(Pytest+request+Allure)

点击文末小卡片免费获取软件测试全套资料资料在手涨薪更快接口自动化是指模拟程序接口层面的自动化由于接口不易变更维护成本更小所以深受各大公司的喜爱。接口自动化包含2个部分功能性的接口自动化测试和并发接口自动化测试。本次文章着重介绍第一种功能性的接口自动化框架。一、简单介绍环境Mac、Python 3PytestAllureRequest流程读取Yaml测试数据-生成测试用例-执行测试用例-生成Allure报告模块类的设计说明:Request.py封装request方法可以支持多协议扩展get\post\putConfig.py读取配置文件包括不同环境的配置email相关配置Log.py封装记录log方法分为debug、info、warning、error、criticalEmail.py封装smtplib方法运行结果发送邮件通知Assert.py封装assert方法run.py核心代码。定义并执行用例集生成报告Yaml测试数据格式如下--- Basic: dec: 基础设置 parameters: - url: /settings/basic.json data: slugda1677475c27 header: { User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)\ Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36, Content-Type: keep-alive }二、代码结构与框架流程1、代码结构见下图2、框架流程见下图三、详细功能和使用说明1、定义配置文件config.ini该文件中区分测试环境[private_debug]和正式环境[online_release]分别定义相关配置项[mail]部分为邮件相关配置项# http接口测试框架配置信息 [private_debug] # debug测试服务 tester your name environment debug versionCode your version host www.jianshu.com loginHost /Login loginInfo emailwanguser.compassword123456 [online_release] # release正式服务 tester your name environment release versionCode v1.0 host www.jianshu.com loginHost /Login loginInfo emailwanguser.compassword123456 [mail] #发送邮件信息 smtpserver smtp.163.com sender test1163.com receiver wanguser.com username wanguser.com password 1234562、读取yaml测试数据后封装yaml测试数据例子见第一节一条接口可定义多条case数据get_parameter为已封装好的读取yaml数据方法循环读取后将多条case数据存在list中。class Basic: params get_parameter(Basic) url [] data [] header [] for i in range(0, len(params)): url.append(params[i][url]) data.append(params[i][data]) header.append(params[i][header])3、编写用例class TestBasic: pytest.allure.feature(Home) allure.severity(blocker) allure.story(Basic) def test_basic_01(self, action): 用例描述未登陆状态下查看基础设置 conf Config() data Basic() test Assert.Assertions() request Request.Request(action) host conf.host_debug req_url http:// host urls data.url params data.data headers data.header api_url req_url urls[0] response request.get_request(api_url, params[0], headers[0]) assert test.assert_code(response[code], 401) assert test.assert_body(response[body], error, u继续操作前请注册或者登录.) assert test.assert_time(response[time_consuming], 400) Consts.RESULT_LIST.append(True)4、运行整个框架run.pyif __name__ __main__: # 定义测试集 allure_list --allure_featuresHome,Personal args [-s, -q, --alluredir, xml_report_path, allure_list] log.info(执行用例集为%s % allure_list) self_args sys.argv[1:] pytest.main(args) cmd allure generate %s -o %s % (xml_report_path, html_report_path) try: shell.invoke(cmd) except: log.error(执行用例失败请检查环境配置) raise try: mail Email.SendMail() mail.sendMail() except: log.error(发送邮件失败请检查邮件配置) raise5、err.log实例[ERROR 2018-08-24 09:55:37]Response body ! expected_msg, expected_msg is {error:继续操作前请注册或者登录9.}, body is {error:继续操作前请注册或者登录.} [ERROR 2018-08-24 10:00:11]Response time expected_time, expected_time is 400, time is 482.745 [ERROR 2018-08-25 21:49:41]statusCode error, expected_code is 208, statusCode is 2006、Assert部分代码def assert_body(self, body, body_msg, expected_msg): 验证response body中任意属性的值 :param body: :param body_msg: :param expected_msg: :return: try: msg body[body_msg] assert msg expected_msg return True except: self.log.error(Response body msg ! expected_msg, expected_msg is %s, body_msg is %s % (expected_msg, body_msg)) Consts.RESULT_LIST.append(fail) raise def assert_in_text(self, body, expected_msg): 验证response body中是否包含预期字符串 :param body: :param expected_msg: :return: try: text json.dumps(body, ensure_asciiFalse) # print(text) assert expected_msg in text return True except: self.log.error(Response body Does not contain expected_msg, expected_msg is %s % expected_msg) Consts.RESULT_LIST.append(fail) raise7、Request部分代码def post_request(self, url, data, header): Post请求 :param url: :param data: :param header: :return: if not url.startswith(http://): url %s%s % (http://, url) print(url) try: if data is None: response self.get_session.post(urlurl, headersheader) else: response self.get_session.post(urlurl, paramsdata, headersheader) except requests.RequestException as e: print(%s%s % (RequestException url: , url)) print(e) return () except Exception as e: print(%s%s % (Exception url: , url)) print(e) return () # time_consuming为响应时间单位为毫秒 time_consuming response.elapsed.microseconds/1000 # time_total为响应时间单位为秒 time_total response.elapsed.total_seconds() Common.Consts.STRESS_LIST.append(time_consuming) response_dicts dict() response_dicts[code] response.status_code try: response_dicts[body] response.json() except Exception as e: print(e) response_dicts[body] response_dicts[text] response.text response_dicts[time_consuming] time_consuming response_dicts[time_total] time_total return response_dicts四、Allure报告及Email1、Allure报告总览见下图2、Email见下图五、后续优化1、集成Jenkins使用Jenkins插件生成Allure报告2、多线程并发接口自动化测试3、接口加密参数加密最后感谢每一个认真阅读我文章的人礼尚往来总是要有的虽然不是什么很值钱的东西如果你用得到的话可以直接拿走这些资料对于做【软件测试】的朋友来说应该是最全面最完整的备战仓库这个仓库也陪伴我走过了最艰难的路程希望也能帮助到你凡事要趁早特别是技术行业一定要提升技术功底。